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The bell miner (''Manorina melanophrys''), commonly known as the bellbird, is a colonial honeyeater endemic to southeastern Australia. The common name refers to their bell-like call. "Miner" is an old alternative spelling of the word "myna" and is shared with other members of the genus ''Manorina''.〔For the derivation of "miner" from "myna", see comment at Common Indian Myna () Retrieved 12 September 2013〕 The birds feed almost exclusively on the dome-like coverings, referred to as "bell lerps", of certain psyllid bugs that feed on eucalyptus sap from the leaves. The psyllids make these bell-lerps from their own honeydew secretions in order to protect themselves from predators and the environment. Bell miners live in large, complex social groups. Within each group there are subgroups consisting of several breeding pairs, but also including a number of birds who are not currently breeding. The nonbreeders help in providing food for the young in all the nests in the subgroup, even though they are not necessarily closely related to them.〔Clarke, M. F. (1989). The pattern of helping in the bell miner (''Manorina melanophrys''). ''Ethology, 80'', 292-306〕 The birds defend their colony area communally aggressively, excluding most other passerine species. They do this in order to protect their territory from other insect-eating birds that would eat the bell lerps on which they feed. Whenever the local forests die back due to increased lerp psyllid infestations, bell miners undergo a population boom. File:Bell miner.jpg File:Bell Miner2.jpg ==Popular culture== * The Australian television series ''Bellbird'' carries the name. * There is a piano exercise "Bell Bird" composed by 11-year-old pianist Reene Lees published in the Australian Musical Magazine for 1894 〔http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-an6139277〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「bell miner」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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